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The LTFT is simply the saved trends from the STFT. If the STFT is rich (or lean, or whatever) for a certain amount of time, then the ECU starts changing the LTFT, and saves it for future use.
In addition, when figuring the injector pulsewidth, the ECU uses the LTFT and the STFT. This means you need to take both into account.
You could get the car tuned using the LTFT only; you would need to tune the LTFT down, drive the car a bunch, adjust based on the LTFT, and repeat. Watching the STFT allows you to predict where the LTFT is going to go in the future, and that way you can simply catch it before it gets too far away from where you want it.
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